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James Waring (November 1, 1922 - December 2, 1975) was a dancer, choreographer, costume designer, theatre director, playwright, poet, and visual artist, based in New York City from 1949 until his death in 1975. He was a prolific choreographer and teacher.〔McDonagh, p. 215〕 He has been called "one of the most influential figures in the New York avant-garde in the late fifties and early sixties",〔Vaughan, David. "James Waring: A Rememberence". ''Performing Arts Journal'' v.5 n.2 (1981) (abstract )〕 "one of dance's great eccentrics",〔 "a focal point for dance experimentation before the existence of the Judson Dance Theater",〔McDonagh, Don. ''The Rise and Fall and Rise of Modern Dance'' quoted in Chin, Daryl. ("Mistaken Identities: Part II" ) on ReadingDance.com〕 and "the quintessential Greenwich Village choreographer in the late 1950s and 1960s".〔Chin, Daryl. ("Mistaken Identities: Part II" ) on ReadingDance.com〕 Waring's collage style of building dance works influenced the development of the avant-garde Happenings which were staged in the late 1950s.〔 ==Life and career== Waring's training began in 1939 in San Francisco, where he was exposed to numerous kinds of dancing, including ballet at the San Francisco Ballet School, the Graham technique, and the interpretive dance of Raoul Pausé.〔McDonagh, p. 216〕 Later he studied with Anna Halprin, Louis Horst, Antony Tudor and Anatole Vilzak, and also took some classes with Merce Cunningham.〔Personal correspondence with David Vaughan, Cunningham's archivist (7/9/2013)〕 In 1946 Waring presented the first of the over 135 original works he would create over the course of his career,〔 "Luther Burbank in Santa Rosa", at the Halprin-Lathrop Studio Theatrer.〔 Other works he showed during this period were based on or influenced by Japanese Noh drama, the work of Edgar Allan Poe and primitive art, as well as the ballets of George Balanchine and the dancing of Alexandra Danilova, taking from these sources what interested him and mixing them together.〔 Five years later, in 1951, Waring was among a group of choreographers in New York who created Dance Associates, a co-operative. In 1954, he began presenting works with his own company in annual concerts, continuing to do so until 1969. He also choreographed for other companies and performers, including Manhattan Festival Ballet – which he was instrumental in founding, the Netherlands Dance Theater and Violette Verdy.〔 Notable among Waring's works were ''Dances before the Wall'', ''Variations on a Landscape'' and ''Sinfonia semplice''.〔 He disbanded his company in 1975, shortly before his death, but in 1974 his male dancers formed Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo, a travesty dance ensemble in which the men perform as ballerinas.〔 Numerous dancers who went on to prominence danced in Waring's company, including Toby Armour, Joan Baker, Richard Colton, Edwin Denby, Tanaquil LeClercq, Aileen Passloff, Arlene Rothlein, Alec Rubin, Martin Sarach, Ruth Sobotka, Paul Taylor and David Vaughan. Later dancers who would go on to found the Judson Dance Theater and create postmodern dance studied with Waring or danced in his company, including Lucinda Childs, David Gordon, Deborah Hay, Fred Herko, Yvonne Rainer and Valda Setterfield. In 1959 and 1960, Waring organized performances at the Living Theatre – in whose building he held his composition class – in which his students presented their works; these were a precursor to the Judson Church performances.〔Banes, Sally. ''Terpsichore in Sneakers: Post-Modern Dance'' Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980. ISBN 0-395-28212-8 p.8〕 Waring was one of the founders in 1961 of the New York Poets Theatre, and he also directed plays at the Living Theatre and the Judson Poets Theatre. He worked with Frank O'Hara, Diane Di Prima, and Kenneth Koch, among other poets.〔 Waring makes a brief appearance in Andy Warhol's 1963 film ''Haircut #1''. One of the three theatres at Theater for the New City is named after Waring. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Waring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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